A couple of years in the past, I made an unlikely guess: to construct a Bitcoin round economic system within the coronary heart of a fishing village in Brazil’s Northeast. No enterprise capitalists, no “crypto,” no empty guarantees. Solely nodes, satoshis, in‑individual training and loads of sidewalk conversations.
That’s how Praia Bitcoin Jericoacoara was born: a radical experiment in monetary sovereignty constructed with open supply instruments and ft within the sand.
In 4 years at Praia Bitcoin Jericoacoara, we turned a seashore city right into a dwelling Bitcoin classroom: We onboarded households, shopkeepers and road distributors; taught self‑custody in small teams; put in dependable Lightning routes and level‑of‑sale instruments; ran social applications paid in sats; and hosted meetups that made Bitcoin a part of day by day life.
Dwelling on the Bitcoin commonplace, I started to see what is absolutely occurring on the technological edge.
In August 2025, I printed 4 quick articles on X. Totally different in type and tone, they converged on the identical query: What function ought to Bitcoin play, and what function ought to we play in constructing it? They got here in fours:
- a discipline report on our work with the Bitcoin Neighborhood Financial institution in Jericoacoara
- a critique of bitcoin maximalism’s rigidity
- a diplomatic letter inviting Bhutan’s prime minister to think about the satoshi as a unit of account, and
- a public enchantment to maintain Bitcoin a peer‑to‑peer money system.
What they share is the need to align follow, concept, and a future‑dealing with imaginative and prescient.
Within the first piece, I shared the challenges and classes from an actual experiment: constructing a Bitcoin‑based mostly round economic system in Northeast Brazil. Impressed by Bitcoin Seaside in El Salvador, we rooted the Jericoacoara undertaking in training, inclusion and native infrastructure. We put in servers, onboarded retailers and neighbors, created social applications and sought institutional recognition as a Neighborhood Bitcoin Financial institution.
We had been rejected by the native authorities. Even within the face of the state’s authorized and political unpreparedness, we moved ahead with conviction. We consider that when Bitcoin is rooted in place, it may be greater than cash; it may be a instrument for group transformation. But authorities struggled to grasp this, and so they denied our request to register what would have been the primary Bitcoin group financial institution.
Within the second piece, I confronted an ideological pressure inside the group itself. Maximalist rhetoric, which defends Bitcoin as the one legit undertaking and treats the remainder of “crypto” as scams, had its historic function. It helped shield the integrity of the ecosystem, uncovered frauds and accelerated market maturation. However does it nonetheless serve the objective of enormous‑scale adoption? Does it assist talk Bitcoin’s worth to newcomers? I caught myself ignoring related technological options just because they had been exterior the maximalist bubble.
After revisiting the dialogue and studying each reply and quote, my conclusion was that different tasks find yourself serving as funnels, sandboxes or distribution channels that drive individuals towards actual Bitcoin adoption. Stablecoins, altcoins, memecoins, and centralized cryptocurrencies are shifting towards Bitcoin, absorbing inflation and even serving to to determine the costs of different commodities. Maybe it’s time for a brand new posture: not abandoning rules, however embracing a Bitcoin that retains the deal with the essence whereas remaining keen to have interaction with a world in fixed transformation, with skepticism and an open thoughts; by educating regulators that Bitcoin is the decentralized cryptocurrency and that each one different tasks are centralized cryptocurrencies.
Within the third piece, I took this imaginative and prescient into the diplomatic area. I wrote an open letter to Bhutan’s prime minister suggesting that the nation take into account adopting the satoshi as its nationwide unit of account.
The proposal, extra symbolic than technical, had a transparent objective: to think about how Bitcoin can have interaction with different growth fashions that don’t depend upon the IMF or the greenback and that respect native tradition and sovereignty. The response to the letter revealed one thing necessary: even inside the Bitcoin ecosystem there are ideological lanes: conservatives, centrists and progressives, every attempting to interpret the protocol by a definite worldview.
This text is subsequently some extent of convergence. It ties collectively these three experiences (sensible, ideological and diplomatic) to suggest a contemporary take a look at what we’re actually attempting to construct. Greater than repeating dogmas, this second requires discernment. Greater than speaking about freedom, it’s time to follow it the place it’s most wanted — on the bottom, in our language, in our establishments and in {our relationships}.
Within the fourth piece, I distilled my open notice to Bitcoin Core right into a easy level: preserve Bitcoin a peer‑to‑peer money system, not a generic knowledge host.
I argued that loosening default knowledge‑carrying settings invitations bloat, authorized threat and reputational injury, and requested builders to assume in centuries, not launch cycles. I additionally famous that current Core releases, v29 and v30, revisited how a lot additional knowledge transactions might carry by default. That lives on the technical fringe of the protocol — software program defaults, not the financial guidelines. Bitcoin is cash. Like a banknote you’ll be able to scribble on however not use to publish a e book, transactions can embrace small notes however shouldn’t be hijacked for unrelated content material.
This context raised a much bigger query: What do we wish Bitcoin to be? The alternate made the fault strains clear: completely different teams love Bitcoin for various causes and settle for completely different commerce‑offs. Within the subsequent part, I identify these lanes and present how they match collectively.
Watching Bitcoin Knots acquire visibility relative to Bitcoin Core, and listening to builders complain about its pull‑request course of, jogged my memory of the First Follower lesson. Knots is basically maintained by a single developer.
Actions don’t scale as a result of a lone chief is good. They scale when early followers make participation seen and simple, decreasing social threat and displaying others precisely methods to behave.
From contained in the trade, spending numerous hours analyzing geopolitics and future developments, I started to see Bitcoiners in 4 essential classes, with the extremes on each side clearly outlined so let’s break them down.
The 4 Archetypes of Bitcoin
Bitcoin Database, Coordination Builders
Core perception: Bitcoin is a impartial public file. It might coordinate individuals and software program. Cash is one highly effective use, not the one one.
What they prioritize: Time‑stamps and proofs; public information; identification attestations; new media on Bitcoin; social protocols like Nostr; constructing most options on higher layers so L1 stays secure.
What they get proper: They entice builders and new customers with contemporary concepts and on‑ramps. Extra experiments imply extra probabilities to seek out lasting utility.
Dangers and blind spots: The highlight can drift away from cash. An excessive amount of nonmonetary knowledge can waste block house and invite controversy. New programs typically reintroduce trusted middlemen.
Angle to Lightning: Open, when it helps apps really feel prompt. Additionally discover different rails. Maintain L1 easy.
North Star checks: Helpful apps with actual customers; energetic builders; low, respectful footprint on L1.
Frequent examples: Casey Rodarmor and Ordinals; Muneeb Ali and Stacks; Burak and Ark analysis; Maxim Orlovsky and RGB; fiatjaf and Nostr; OpenTimestamps. (Notice: that is illustrative, not endorsements.)
Tagline: “Bitcoin is a database.”
Bitcoin Central, Market Pragmatists
Core perception: Bitcoin is cash and an asset. Worth and liquidity drive adoption at scale and assist fund safety and growth.
What they prioritize: ETFs and treasuries; compliant on‑ramps and off‑ramps; deep, wholesome markets; training for traders and establishments.
What they get proper: Liquidity brings the subsequent wave of customers and pays for builders, mining and training.
Dangers and blind spots: Comfort custody and quick‑time period considering. Distribution can focus in a couple of giant fingers.
Angle to Lightning: Pragmatic. Use it when it helps attain extra individuals.
North Star checks: Market depth and volumes; hashrate safety price range; ETF and retail participation.
Frequent examples: Michael Saylor; iShares and Constancy Bitcoin ETFs; market makers; on‑chain analysts. Edge Case: Excessive leverage and over‑reliance on company treasuries.
Tagline: “We care about worth.”
Bitcoin Conservatives, Financial Purists
Core perception: Bitcoin is cash. Defend the bottom layer. Shortage, neutrality and self‑custody are nonnegotiable. Save first, then spend (e.g., in a round economic system).
What they prioritize: Easy, secure guidelines on L1; run your individual node; training on keys, UTXOs, and costs; miner and shopper variety; very long time horizons.
What they get proper: Clear incentives and powerful tradition. If cash is damaged, each worth within the economic system is improper. Repair cash first.
Dangers and blind spots: UX and funds can lag. Newcomers might really feel gatekept. Adoption can gradual if on a regular basis use is ignored.
Angle to Lightning: Typically skeptical. Desire on‑chain finality and warn about complexity and custodial drift.
North Star checks: Extra cash in self‑custody; wholesome node rely; decentralized mining; rising lengthy‑time period holder provide.
Frequent examples: Saifedean Ammous; Pierre Rochard; proof‑of‑keys type campaigns; full‑node tradition and chilly storage. Edge Case: By no means promote. Deal with each altcoin as a rip-off.
Tagline: “Bitcoin is digital gold.”
Bitcoin Minimalists: Digital Gold and Digital Money, Software for Social Transformation
Core perception: Bitcoin must be digital gold for saving and digital money for spending, with the smallest attainable belief floor.
What they prioritize: Save on‑chain with ultimate settlement; spend by way of noncustodial Lightning the place attainable; use ecash mints like Cashu for privateness with easy exit to keys; service provider flows that settle to self custody.
What they get proper: Align financial savings and day by day use with out giving up sovereignty.
Dangers and blind spots: Friction and slower distribution; reluctance to undertake UX abstractions; fragmentation throughout minimal stacks.
Angle to Lightning: Sure, however strict. Desire noncustodial or minimally trusted setups. Be cautious with giant custodial hubs.
North‑star checks: Customers who each save on‑chain and spend by way of non‑custodial L2; straightforward withdrawals to keys; excessive fee success with out custodians.
Tagline: “Purchase, spend, substitute.”
Conclusion
Bitcoin’s tradition consists of 4 sincere defaults that usually speak previous each other. Builders develop the floor space, market pragmatists show on a regular basis utility, financial purists scale distribution and minimalists shield the bottom.
Collectively. they create a productive pressure that retains Bitcoin helpful and resilient for actual individuals.
After years of working in a round economic system and writing publicly about these debates, my view is straightforward. Bitcoin is cash. Maintain the bottom layer easy. Save in bitcoin on-chain. Spend in sats when it serves individuals, because it does in a round economic system. Help Lightning solely when the exit to your individual keys stays clear and easy. I don’t assist the “Bitcoin as Database” path, as a result of turning Bitcoin right into a basic knowledge host distracts from its financial mission and invitations waste, confusion, and reputational hurt.
The way in which ahead is sensible and principled. Choose concepts by whether or not they develop self custody, make funds dependable with out custodians, deepen liquidity that funds safety and training and respect the bounds of the bottom layer. If we maintain to that commonplace, the lanes can complement each other and extra individuals will share in the advantages of a free, impartial and credibly decentralized cash.
BM Massive Reads are weekly, in-depth articles on some present matter related to Bitcoin and Bitcoiners. Opinions expressed are these of the authors and don’t essentially mirror these of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Journal. If in case you have a submission you assume suits the mannequin, be happy to achieve out at editor[at]bitcoinmagazine.com.